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Offshore
lies Caņo Island, an ancient Indian burial ground. Picnic on a white sand
beach sheltered by coconut palms and snorkel among the coral reefs that
surround this tropical paradise. There will be time for a hike up to the
burial grounds in the interior of the island.
The Isla del Caņo lies
17 kms due west of Punta Marenco . The island and its environs invite
study from several points of view. It is Costa Rica's largest
concentration of coral-building organisms along the Pacific. Schools of
tangs, jacks and needle-fish, as well as moray eels, wrasses and huge
trigger and porcupine-fish present an ever-changing panorama to those who
venture below the surface. Boring sponges, Diadema sea urchins, sea
cucumbers, many crustaceans and calcareous alga mats and balls add to the
variety of life found among the Porites and Pocillopora corals of these
reefs.
Ongoing research by scientists of
several nations is currently focused on the factors surrounding coral
die-offs, such as occurred in 1983-84, probably due to changes in water
temperature associated with "El Niņo", the capricious current of
Eastern Pacific equatorial waters. Recolonization and re-growth of the
corals is being studied intensively.
Marine life is abundant in the general vicinity of the
island. Fishing boats take tuna, shrimp, shark, mackerel, snapper, and
sardines in quantity. Manta rays are often seen breaching. Dolphins are
encountered daily, and Olive Ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
are commonly observed swimming and even mating as they travel to and from
the sandy beaches of the peninsula where they lay their eggs. Humpback
whales are seasonally present and often sighted from Punta Marenco, and
killer whales have been reported near the Isla Violines and mouth of the
Sierpe River. Although rich in marine resources, the area is little
studied apart from the reefs of the Isla del Caņo.
The island's forest and its
inhabitants are in stack contrast to those on
the mainland less than 11
miles away. The island has a resident insect fauna that is perhaps one
percent as rich as that of the mainland. Moreover, the forest on this
island is a curiously impoverished version of that on the mainland. The
central plateau is a nearly nonspecific stand of Brosimun utile, the
white latex, fruits, and seeds of which are readily edible to
humans.
Stone spheres and Indian graves found all over the island suggest that
this was an ancient cemetery. The obviously heavy usage of the island by
the aboriginal population, and the fact that Brosimun utile is never found
in monospecific stands on the mainland indicate that the island may have
been used as a plantation by the Indians -- a plantation free of mainland
herbivores and seed predators, such as agoutis, pacas, and insects.
Whatever the origin of the present flora and fauna, the low species
diversity of the island throws the richness of the peninsular plant and
animal life into sharp relief.
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